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Covid-19 and vaccine information - main sources

• Immunisation handbook -ÌýÌý
• Cth -Ìý. Previously excellent translated information, now not easily found.Ìý
  

Numbers

As of 9 Jul 2025

• Covid cases -ÌýÌý- 778.2 M and Ìý12.2M,Ìý(1325 7-d average), 289 hospitalised () and ICU 40 7d average.
• Covid deaths -ÌýÌý- 7.09M andÌýÌý- 25,791Ìý(2 since 4 Jan 2025)
  • The overall case fatality rate was ~2% for the initial strains of covid. Deaths ,Ìý, and were higher in Black, Asian and minority Ethnic (BAME) inÌý and . In Australia, higher mortality was seen in . Ìý
• Vaccination numbers
  • (8/2024)Ìý13.74B dosesÌý(5.65BÌýat least one dose, 5.20BÌýpeople fully vaccinated) Ìý
  • Ìý- 12 Dec 2024 -Ìý74.2M doses >95%Ìýof age 16y+ 2 doses, boosters in last 6 months: 1.7M age 18y+.ÌýÌýnot reported since 3/2023:12-15y 73.0% fully, 5-11y 38.5% fully, (0-4y minimal)

Vaccines - development

Vaccine safety and development process - Australia followed normal process for vaccine registration and monitoring through the .

• Types of vaccine (,Ìý).Ìý
  • mRNA vaccines -Ìýuse RNA to generate a protein that itself safely prompts an immune responseÌý
    • Comirnaty/Pfizer
      • 6m-4y (3mcg dose) either JN.1 yellow cap or Omicron XBB.1.5 maroon capÌý
      • 5-11yÌý(10mcg dose) either JN.1 or Omicron XBB.1.5 - both light blue cap
      • 12y+ (30mcg dose) either JN.1 grey cap or Omicron XBB.1.5 dark grey cap.Ìý
  • Viral vector vaccine - uses a safe virus that cannot cause disease as a platform to generate an immune response. Previous Astra Zeneca vaccine.
  • Protein conjugate vaccine - uses part of the spike protein from covid with an adjuvant to boost immune response. Nuvaxovid (Novovax) for age 12y+,Ìýnot manufactured after early 2022.

Ìý many studies prior to omicron variant and omicron vaccine, difficult to compare vaccines, and efficacy wanes with time. In general, for both Delta and Omicron, hybrid immunity (infection + vaccination) provides the greatest protection (highest level and longest duration) and while protection wanes for re-infection, it remains high against hospitalisation/death.ÌýPfizer - 55-95% any infection, 18-97% symptomatic infection, 74-99% severe disease/hospitalisation, 90-100% death. Covid vaccines do not prevent transmission of infection.

Vaccines - current recommendations

• 6 months - 4 yearsÌý
  • general - not recommended
  • Ìý- consider 2Ìýdoses, doses 8 weeks apart, no boosters
  • Ìý- consider 2-3 doses, doses 8 weeks apart, no boosters
    
    
• 5-17 yearsÌý
  • general - not recommended
  • Ìý- consider 1 dose, no boosters
  • Ìý- consider 1-2 doses and consider boosters every 12 months
    
    
• 18-64 years
  • general - 1 dose primary course, consider booster every 12 months. Vaccine can be given during pregnancy or breastfeeding, unvaccinated pregnant women recommended to have a primary dose.Ìý Previously vaccinated pregnant women not routinely recommended to have further doses (consider).
  • - 1 dose primary course, consider booster every 12 months (i.e. same as general)
  • Ìý-2 primary doses, consider 3rd dose, doses 8 weeks apart. Recommend booster every 12 months, consider every 6 months
    
    
• 65-74 years
  • general - 1 dose primary course, recommend booster every 12 months, consider every 6 months
  • - 1 dose primary course, recommend booster every 12 months, consider every 6 months
  • Ìý- 2 primary doses, consider 3rd dose, doses 8 weeks apart; recommend booster every 12 months, consider every 6 months

• 75 years and older -Ìý
  • general - 1 dose primary course, recommend booster every 6 months
  • -Ìý1 dose primary course, recommend booster every 6 months
  • Ìý- 2 primary doses, consider 3rd dose, doses 8 weeks apart; recommend booster every 6 months.
    

Vaccines - other information

• The vaccine is free for everyone in Australia, even if they don't have Medicare.ÌýÌý
  
• How do I get vaccinated? - Sites include GPs, pharmacists, and hospital immunisation services.ÌýÌý
  
• Side effectsÌý-Ìýthe main side effect of covid vaccine is to avoid serious illness and hospitalisation with Covid-19.ÌýAll vaccines can cause side effects, usually these are mild and last 1-2 days. Common side effects include a sore arm, fatigue, headache, fever and muscle aches.ÌýSerious side effects are rare:
  • Anaphylaxis ~10 per million doses
  • Deaths - (TGA Oct 2023) -14 deaths likely related to vaccination in 2022, 13 with AZ vaccine, all in adults
  • Myocarditis and pericarditis monitoringÌý- 1-2/100,000 Pfizer, More common after 2nd dose in 12-17y males (13/100,000 & 24/100,000 respectively) and males < 30y (9/100,000 and 23/100,000 respectively). Less common after booster doses <1/100,000.Ìý
• Monitoring -ÌýÌý- (at 10/2024 - current at 9/72025) 6.86M people provided information 3 days after vaccination, 43.6% reported any side effects, 0.9% reported visiting a doctor or emergency department.
  
• RecordsÌý- vaccines are recorded on Australian Immunisation Register (AIR).ÌýPeople without Medicare can also get an AIR records. AIR records are individualised from age 14 years.
  
• Questions on vaccinations - , Ìý

Covid treatments

• Oral treatments for Covid-19 are available for people 70 years and older, and for people 18 years and older with specified risk factors. See .

Other data sources

• RCHÌýCOVID Clinical Practice Guideline
• ,

Timeline related to migration

• 31 Dec 2019 – Pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China reported to WHO regional office
• 25 Jan 2020 – Australian restrictions on travel to and arrivals from China
• 30 Jan 2020 – WHO declares public health emergency of international concern
• 01 Mar 2020 – Australian restrictions on travel to and arrivals from Iran
• 11 Mar 2020 – WHO declares pandemic
• 13 Mar 2020 – Expanded
• 16 Mar 2020 –
• 16 Mar 2020 –Ìý. People with a 202 visa may still travel to Australia pending flight availability, quarantine applies to international arrivals
• 18 Mar 2020 – DFAT issues standing advice to not travel overseas, with subsequent closure of many
• 18 Mar 2020 - Guard at Kangaroo Point APOD in Qld tests positive for coronavirus - seeÌý
  
• 21 Mar 2020 – Victorian Government announces $1.7B , including a $500M
• 23 Mar 2020 – Stage 1 restrictions Victoria
• 24 Mar 2020 – Prime Minister announces a ban on all overseas travel (with limited exceptions), and advice to avoid all non-essential domestic travel
• 24 Mar 2020 –
• 25 Mar 2020 – – non-essential businesses close
• 28 Mar 2020 – Enforced 14 day quarantine for all international arrivals in Victoria
• 29 Mar 2020 – NewÌý announced – $550/fortnight in addition to existing payments through JobSeeker, Youth Allowance, Special Benefit, Parenting Allowance and others - see
• 30 Mar 2020 – – to apply for 4 weeks, no more than 2 people in a gathering, only 4 reasons to be out (essential supplies, healthcare, exercise, work/study if required), playgrounds closed), restrictions now enforceable
• 30 Mar 2020 – Ìý– providing affected businesses with $1500/fortnight per employee (70% median wage) – for citizens, permanent residents, and special category visa (SCV) holders – see
• 31 Mar 2020 – OHCHR, IOM, UNHCR and WHO joint press release -
• 31 Mar 2020 – Ìý- later revised Jun 2020, and Aug 2020
• 2 Apr 2020 – Federal government announces free childcare - seeÌý,ÌýandÌýÌýÌý- free childcare was not limited by residency status butÌýended mid-July 2020.Ìý
• 4 Apr 2020 – announced
• 7 Apr 2020 –
• 12 Apr 2020 – Additional Victorian Government funding ($59.4M) for mental health during COVID – see
• 17 Apr 2020 – Additional Victorian Government funding ($40.2M) for crisis accomodation and specialist services for family violence
• 23 Apr 2020 - Additional Victorian Government funding - including additional payments for foster carers
• May 2020 - Additional Victorian Government funding
• 6 May 2020 -
• 6 May 2020 - RCOAÌý.
  
• 3 Jun 2020 -ÌýÌý- also seeÌý, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.
  
• 18 Jun 2020 -
• 20 Jun 2020 -
• 30 Jun 2020 - Victorian government announces further lockdowns by postcode - see .Ìý
• 3 Jul 2020 - Lockdown of public housing high rise towers in Flemington - see and
• 7 Jul 2020 - from midnight Wed 8 Jul 2020
• 10 Jul 2020 - Victoria asks all people to wear masks in public where social distancing not possible - see andÌý
• 12 Jul 2020 - for students in prep-year 10
• 13 Jul 2020 - Guard at the Mantra Preston APOD tests positive for coronavirus - see
• 13 Jul 2020 -ÌýÌý- for people unable to access other Victorian or Commonwealth support, includingÌýtemporary and provisional visa holders and undocumented migrants (payment of $400 for a single adult, more for families, with a possible 2nd payment after 2 months) - phone - 1800 855 240 (available to support eligible people submit an application).
• 19 Jul 2020 - Ìýfrom 22 Jul 2020 - for all people aged 12 years and older
• 21 Jul 2020 -Ìý to 28 Mar 2021, with new changes announced including tiered payments (full time workers $1200/fortnight, part-time workers <20 hours/week $750/fortnight), increased checks of eligibility (business turnover), and new conditions for childcare commencing immediately. Changes to payments commence 28 Sep 2020, with further reductions from 4 Jan 2021.
  
• 2 Aug 2020 - State of Disaster andÌý announced in Victoria (note Ìýand ).
• Aug 2020 -Ìý
• 10 Aug 2020 - home based testing for vulnerable communities -
• 13 Aug 2020 - Victorian government announces '' - $14.3M additional funding.Ìý
• 14 Sep 2020 - Further 2 weeks of stage 4, although curfew 9 pm, exercise - 2 hours exercise/outdoor time daily - 2 people or a household; visitors - those living alone, or single parent - one nominated visitor; distance - 5 km zone, education: remote learning unless exemption
• 24 Sep 2020 -ÌýÌý reduce to $250/fortnight (until 31 Dec 2020,Ìýthen to $150/fortnight until 31 Mar 2021), also with mutual obligations reinstated, and increased threshold for additional income prior to reduction of payments (to $300).
• 28 Sep 2020 - Victoria moves to '2nd step' out of lockdown, face masks,Ìýcurfew stops, exercise as above; up to 5 people from 2 households outdoors, visitors as above, distance - 5 km zone, education - Childcare restarts
• 28 Sep 2020 - information on DHA transitioning people in community detention to final departure BVE - initially Qld, NSW, SA, subsequent stay for Victoria
• 1 Oct 2020 - Announcement Extreme hardship payments doubled - see
• Oct 2020 - very small numbers of offshore arrivals recommence
• 5 Oct 2020 - educationÌý-ÌýKinder restarts and year 12 GAT testing the same week
• 12 Oct 2020 - educationÌý-Ìýprep-2 and years 11-12, and specialist education restarts, otherwise remote learning unless exemption
• 22 Nov 2020 - 'third step' -Ìýcurfew - stops;ÌýÌýdistance - no restrictions; outdoors - up to 50 people, visitors - household visitors - up to 15 visitors, education - staged return to school for years 3-10
• 24 Nov 2020 - - includes $3.9 million for asylum seekers in 2020-21, and (15 hrs weekly) for all refugee and asylum seeker children from 2021 across Victoria.
• 7 Dec 2020 - face masks public transport/taxis and shared vehicles/supermarkets and department stores,ÌýoutdoorsÌý- up to 100 people,ÌývisitorsÌý- household visitors - up to 30 daily (can be across different visits); international arrivals to Victoria restart
• 18 Dec 2020 - new cases of Covid in NSW (Northern Beaches) and face masks also applied to airport terminals in Victoria
• 18 Dec 2020 - Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA) report -
• 21 Dec 2020 - .
• Jan 2021 - Medevac refugees released from APODs in Victoria - see
• 12 Feb 2021 - snap 5 day lockdown in Victoria, and tightening of restrictions - 5 km rules, essential reasons to leave home, 2 hours exercise, masks inside and outsideÌý
• 17 Feb 2021 - Victorian restrictions change - masks inside and outside if social distancing not possible, max 5 visitors, max 20 people outside
• 22 Feb 2021 - Vaccine rollout commences - stage 1a - border/quarantine, frontline health, aged care/disability staff/residents
• 26 Feb 2021 - Victorian restrictions eased again - masks on public transport, supermarkets, department stores
• 14 Mar 2021 - Telehealth extended to 30 June 2021 - see Ìýand (note different for GPs)
• 17 Mar 2021 - - concerns then raised by GPs around lack of notice - see
• 22 Mar 2021 - Vaccine rollout stage 1b -Ìýadults 70y+, other HCW, Aboriginal people 55y+, younger adults with medical conditions/disability, essential workers (EW)
• 26 Mar 2021 - Victorian restrictions eased - masks on public transport/ride-share, hospitals, airports/flights, symptoms; max 100 visitors, max 200 people outside, workplaces 100%, most venues 75%; 1 person/2m²
• 28 Mar 2021 - Jobkeeper supplements and tenancy protections end
• 31 Mar 2021 - Jobseeker coronavirus supplement payments end, and temporary waiver for
• 7 Apr 2021 -
• 8 Apr 2021 - , with .
• May 2021 -ÌýSupport for Asylum Seekers initiativeÌý– $3.9 million announced in the Victorian State Budget - extending case coordination, basic needs, utilities and homelessness assistance; mental health support and primary care support.
• 3 May 2021 - Vaccine rollout stage 2a - AZ vaccine for people >50y at Cth and State services, then 17 May 2021 - same in general practice
• 24 May 2021 - new community acquired cases in Victoria, with a rapidly increasing number of
• 27 May 2021 - Victoria opens Pfizer vaccination to people aged 40-49y
• 28 May 2021 - 7 lockdown for Victoria, masks inside and outside, 5 km, 5 reasons to leave home only, schools move to online - see
• 2 Jun 2021 - further 7 days lockdown announced for Victoria, 10 km radius
• 3 Jun 2021 - Federal government announces 'temporary covid disaster payments' for people in greater Melbourne area with <$10,000 in 'liquid assets', $500 if work >20h, and $325 <20h.
• 10 Jun 2021 - lockdown lifted in Victoria
• 16 Jun 2021 - first case of delta variant in NSW --> becomes a more widespread outbreak
• 17 Jun 2021 -
• 25 Jun 2021 - NSW commences lockdown, followed rapidly by lockdowns in Queensland, NT and WA
• 28 Jun 2021 - PM announces AZ vaccine available to anyone aged 18y+ by choice, and announces new no-fault indemnity scheme for GPs - it is not clear whether this scheme includes nurses/specialists, and details are currently unclear - see
• July 2021Ìý- $355,000 short term COVID-19 Asylum Seeker emergency rental brokerage fund - emergency assistance to maintain secure housing and assist with rental arrears. The funding was administered through the NASAVic HEF mechanism via Launch Housing, via ASRC, Red Cross, Uniting, Baptcare and the Brigidines.
• 15 Jul 2021 -Ìý 5 day lockdown commences at midnight after new cases of covid delta variant in Victoria, later extended for a further 2 days, ending 28 July 2021
• 23 Jul 2021 -
• 2 Aug 2021 - (specified medical conditions, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, children in remote communities)
• Aug 2021 - new cases of delta variant, and higher proportion in children and young adults
• Aug 2021 - release of JRS report on homelessness in people seeking asylum during Covid (Mar 2020 - Mar 2021) -
• 6 Aug 2021 - Lockdown in Victoria - 7 days, cases in Al Taqwa, Warringah specialist school, high rise towers Flemington.Ìý
• 9 Aug 2021 - TGA provisional approval of Moderna vaccine, with 10M doses arriving from Sep 2021
• 16 Aug 2021 - Victorian lockdown extended for another 14 days (until 2 Sep 2021), playgrounds closed and curfew imposed - see
• 15 Aug 2021 - Taliban forces take control of Kabul, with subsequent evacuation of more than 100,000 people
• 21 Aug 2021 - Regional Victoria enters lockdown, and new restrictions on childcare and kindergartens - see Ìý- regional lockdown lifted 8 Sep 2021
• 25 Aug 2021 - Vaccinations open for those age 16y+
• 31 Aug 2021 - on covid vaccine coverage in Immigration detention - 35% partially and 16% fully vaccinated (comparable national figures at the time = 59%, 35%)
• 13 Sep 2021 - Vaccinations open for adolescents aged 12-15 years
• 17 Sep 2021 - slight easing of restrictions for metro Melbourne - exercise with one other person, 5 fully vaccinated adults, from 2 households (+dependents) can meet outdoors
  
• 19 Sep 2021 - released - including - hospitality and community sport from 70% double vaccination (16yrs+ - expected 26 Oct 2021), schools reopen from 5 Oct 2021 (year 12s start back 6 Oct 2021),Ìý80% double vaccination (16y+ - expected 5 Nov 2021) - easing restrictions on household visitors. Peak covid cases expected mid October at the time.
• 7 Oct 2021 - Victorian rules around (i.e. people in the same house as a PCC) change - no longer required to isolate (but need to get tested if they have Sx)
• 22 Oct 2021 - Melbourne lockdown ends - no curfew, no limits on leaving home, hospitality re-opens, 10 visitors to home, 25km limit continues
• 29 Oct 2021 - Travel to regional Victoria permitted
• 18 Nov 2021 - further easing of restrictions in Victoria - no restrictions home visits, masks in health facilities, public transport, retail, schools. Cases isolate 10 days, no contact tracing, household contacts isolate 7d if fully vaccinated, 14d if not vaccinated, non household contacts isolate until test negative, cases to notify their work, uni, school or childcare. Infectious period = 2 days prior to onset symptoms or test + (whichever comes first).
• 24 Nov 2021 - Ìý- subsequently identified as variant of concern
• 3 Dec 2021 - on Omicron and booster doses
• 5 Dec 2021 - TGA provisionally approves Pfizer vaccination for children aged 5-11 years
• 8 Dec 2021 - on vaccination of children 5-11y, and for booster doses
• 23 Dec 2021 - Covid cases rise in NSW to more than 5000 cases daily, interval for Ìýfor people 18y + (not yet recommended age 12-17y)
• 24 Dec 2021 - Masks become mandatory again for all people aged 8y and older in Victoria.
• 4 Jan 2022 - Booster dose interval shortened to 4 months
• Jan 2022 - Rapid escalation in covid cases in Australia - from 430K cases as of 2/1/22 to 2.16M cases by 31/1/22
• 10 Jan 2022 - Vaccinations open for children aged 5-11 years
• 20 Jan 2022 - approved for use (age 18y+) in Australia
• 24 Jan 2022 -ÌýÌýfor concession card holders (10 per 3 months, max 5 per month, until 30 Apr 2022)
• 28 Jan 2022 - TGA provisionally approves booster dose for 16-17 year olds
• 31 Jan 2022 - Booster dose interval reduced further to 3 months
• 10 Feb 2022 - ATAGI change in terminology to 'up to date' for vaccination
• 24 Feb 2022 - Moderna approved for use in children age 6-11 years (note different age range to Pfizer)
• 25 Feb 2022 - Victorian covid settings ease - masks no longer required indoors, recommended/required for hospitals, public transport, schools (8y+), work from home recommendation stops
• Early March 2022 - guidelines on recovered cases change - do not need to be tested within 8 weeks after release from isolation
• 22 Mar 2022 -ÌýÌýguidelines on recovered cases change - do not need to be tested within 12 weeksÌýafter release from isolation - also close contacts who have recovered from Covid-19 do not need to quarantine if they are asymptomatic, not immunocompromised, and re-exposure is <12 weeks since release from isolation.Ìý
• 25 Mar 2022 - for: age 65y+, residents aged care/disability, , Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander age 50y+ (4m after 3rd dose).
• 8 Apr 2022 - TGA approves Pfizer booster doses for age 12-15yÌý(ATAGI approval pending).
• 22 Apr 2022 - Changes to (easing) Victorias covid restrictions - close contacts - no longer need 7d isolation (instead complete 5 RAT tests, masks indoors, and avoid sensitive settings), casesÌýstill isolate 7d, but do not require repeat testing/quarantine for 12 weeks, masks stop for schools, early childhood, hospitality, retail (only required for public transport, airports/planes, sensitive settings); no hospital visitor restrictions, travellers - no quarantine required for unvaccinated, and no post-arrival testing. Vaccine mandates remain in place for key industries (health, education, justice, aged care, disability, emergency services, food distribution, meat/seafood processing).
• 27 Apr 2022 - Changes to on vaccine intervals, and vaccination post-infection
• 1 Jul 2022 - Ìý- with RAT testing the preferred test option for most people
• 7 Jul 2022 - ATAGI updates recommendations for 4th dose vaccine - available for everyone aged 30y+ and recommended age 50y+, interval drops to 3m (from 4m) - see .
• 12 Jul 2022 - Victoria's pandemic declaration due to expire - extended for a further 3 months (to 12 Oct 2022) - see
• 12 July 2022 - guidelines on recovered cases change back - do not need to be tested/isolate for 4 weeksÌýafter release from isolation (from 12 weeks)
• 19 Jul 2022 - TGA provisional approval of paediatric Moderna vaccine for children 6m-5y
• 24 Jul 2022 - (until end Sep 2022)Ìý
• 28 Jul 2022 - TGA provisionally approves Novovax for age 12-17y
• 3 Aug 2022 - with severe immunocompromise, disability or complex/multiple health conditions increasing the risk of severe covid-19.Ìý
• 25 Aug 2022 - Ìýto commence 5 Sep 2022
• 29 Aug 2022 - as booster dose for age 18y+
• 1 Sep 2022 - Covid isolation period reduced to 5 days if no symptoms and not in high risk settings, commencing 9 Sep 2022 (and also masks no longer required on planes) - see . Pandemic Leave Disaster payments will also reduce (from $750-$540)
• 1 Sep 2022 - Victorian work from home requirements end - see
• 12 Sep 2022 - for booster dose (age 18y+)
• 20 Sep 2022 -
• 23 Sep 2022 - (dose = 3mcg)
• 30 Sep 2022 -
• 12 Oct 2022 - Pandemic declaration ends and isolation requirements end in Victoria - see Premier's , otherÌýÌýand Ìý(PH advice - 12 Oct 2022). Targeted financial support for eligible healthcare workers only, mandated vaccination healthcare only.
• 14 Oct 2022 - Cth isolation payments end.
• 19 Oct 2022 -
• 27 Oct 2022 - (Original/Omicron BA.1) vaccine for use as a booster in age 18y+Ìý
• 15 Nov 2022 - (Original/Omicron BA.1) vaccine for any booster in age 18y and TGAÌýandÌý
• 12 Dec 2022 -Ìý Commonwealth announces Ìýover the next 12 months.
• 31 Dec 2022 - Victoria's Covid response changes again, with reduction in most State run services, and transition to primary care and LPHU led models. State run hubs close, GP respiratory infection clinics and primary care; testing - RAT testing 1st line, PCR via primary care or GP-RIC, isolation 5 days or until symptoms free.
• 20 Jan 2023 -
• 30 Jan 2023 - (primary immunisation 6y+ and booster 12y+)
• Feb 2023 - free RATs in Victoria through LGAs (no Medicare required)
• 8 Feb 2023 - ATAGI recommendation:Ìý, and Ìý(age 12y+)
• 21 Mar 2023 -
• 30 May 2023 - : bivalent COVID-19 vaccine preferred for primary vaccination age 12y+.
• Jun 2023 - - Pfizer original 12y+, ModernaÌýbivalent Original/Omicron BA.1 formulation 18y+, Moderna original 6m-5y and 6-11y
• 9 June 2023 - CHO Brett Sutton resigns - see , finishing 28 Jun 2023, replaced by Dr Clare Looker
• 30 Jun 2023 - Victorian Covid taskforce stood down and major restructure in DH
  
• 1 Sep 2023 - ATAGI - , further booster (if more than 6m since last booster) - recommended all 75y+, consider all 65-74y and 18-64y with severe immunocompromise
• 5 Oct 2023 - Australian immunisation handbook includes . Covid booster recommendations now based on previous dose (and no specific timing in relation to recent infection, taking a pragmatic approach given reduced Covid testing). A greater interval between infection and vaccination is associated with greater protection from vaccination.
• 20 Nov 2023 - ATAGI - updated advice on use of monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5 vaccines
• Jan 2024 - (not manufactured since early 2022, last doses expire Jan 2024)
• 1 Mar 2024 - - see .

Telehealth

Many services transitioned to using telehealth from 2020. Ìý

• Consults should record consent for telehealth and bulk-billing – verbal consent is adequate if the consult is not recorded.Ìý
• Previous TH items for rural/regional patients (112) were replaced by TH item numbers introduced during the pandemic as of Jan 2022
• Changes from Ìýfor paediatricians - out of hospital attendances (non-admitted patients) - temporary item numbers that became permanent
  • Specialist telehealth – ^{132Ìý Ìý133Ìý110}Ìý ¹¹⁶Ìý ^{minor attendance}ÌýÌý ^{135Ìý Ìý137}
  • Specialist telephone - ^{minor attendance}
• Health Direct - , and Ìý
  

Translated resources

Unfortunately, by the end of 2024 and in 2025, there are few current translations available, and the systems developed during the pandemic for updated translated information + english language versions seem to have been lost.Ìý

^{Immigrant health clinic resources. Author Georgie Paxton, Sophie Oldfield, Linny Phuong, 2 April 2020, updated 4 Jul 2025. Contact: georgia.paxton@rch.org.au}